Giant Distances and Internal Transportation: Kazakhstan is huge. To move between distant regions (such as Astana, Almaty, Shymkent or Aktau) it is most efficient to use internal flights with local airlines such as Air Astana or SCAT. For intermediate journeys, the railway network has modern high-speed trains (Talgo) that are very comfortable and safe with sleeping cars.

Currency and Payments (Kazakh Tenge and Cards): The official currency is the Kazakh Tenge (KZT). The use of credit cards and mobile payments via QR code is extremely widespread in shops, restaurants and taxis in all cities. However, for traveling to rural mountain areas (such as Kolsai or Kaindy) and expeditions in Mangystau, it is essential to carry enough cash.

Language and Communication: The state language is Kazakh, while Russian is officially and universally spoken as a language of interethnic and everyday communication throughout the country. English is common among the youth and hospitality sector of Astana and Almaty, but carrying a Russian/Kazakh translation application downloaded offline is a great help in rural areas.

Extreme Weather and Equipment: Kazakhstan has a very marked continental climate. Summers can be hot in the steppe and winters extremely cold (Astana is the second coldest capital in the world). If you visit mountain areas in summer, wear layered clothing and trekking shoes with good grip, as the weather in Tian Shan changes quickly.